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Journal of Medical Devices | Volume 10 | Issue 1 | research-article
Review Article

Coating Techniques and Release Kinetics of Drug-Eluting Stents

[+] Author and Article Information
Megan Livingston

Department of Regenerative Medicine
and Orthopedics,
Houston Methodist Research Institute,
Houston, TX 77030

Aaron Tan

Center for Nanotechnology and
Regenerative Medicine,
UCL Division of Surgery
and Interventional Science,
University College London (UCL),
London NW3 2QG, UK;UCL Medical School,
University College London (UCL),
London WC1E 6BT, UK

1Corresponding author.

Manuscript received April 16, 2015; final manuscript received September 14, 2015; published online November 5, 2015. Editor: Rupak K. Banerjee.

J. Med. Devices 10(1), 010801 (Nov 05, 2015) (8 pages) Paper No: MED-15-1164; doi: 10.1115/1.4031718 History: Received April 16, 2015; Revised September 14, 2015
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Implantation of drug-eluting stents (DESs) via percutaneous coronary intervention is the most popular treatment option to restore blood flow to occluded vasculature. The many devices currently used in clinic and under examination in research laboratories are manufactured using a variety of coating techniques to create the incorporated drug release platforms. These coating techniques offer various benefits including ease of use, expense of equipment, and design variability. This review paper discusses recent novel DES designs utilizing individual or a combination of these coating techniques and their resulting drug release profiles.
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Figures

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Fig. 1

Diagram of stent implantation. The metal stent is fed via a catheter to the occlusion site and locally expanded (Reproduced with permission from Texas Heart Institute [6]. Copyright 2014 by Texas Heart Institute).

+Diagram of stent implantation. The metal stent is fed via a catheter to the occlusion site and locally expanded (Reproduced with permission from Texas Heart Institute [6]. Copyright 2014 by Texas Heart Institute).
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Diagram of stent implantation. The metal stent is fed via a catheter to the occlusion site and locally expanded (Reproduced with permission from Texas Heart Institute [6]. Copyright 2014 by Texas Heart Institute).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 2

Dip-coating schematic. With a controlled speed, stent is submersed in the coating solution then removed and allowed for solvent evaporation, leaving the drug/polymer solution on the stent surface (Reproduced with permission from Schmidt and Menning [37]. Copyright 2000 by Sol Gel Gateway).

+Dip-coating schematic. With a controlled speed, stent is submersed in the coating solution then removed and allowed for solvent evaporation, leaving the drug/polymer solution on the stent surface (Reproduced with permission from Schmidt and Menning [37]. Copyright 2000 by Sol Gel Gateway).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Dip-coating schematic. With a controlled speed, stent is submersed in the coating solution then removed and allowed for solvent evaporation, leaving the drug/polymer solution on the stent surface (Reproduced with permission from Schmidt and Menning [37]. Copyright 2000 by Sol Gel Gateway).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 3

EPD in solution schematic. Drug and polymer particles are deposited onto the stent surface via an electrostatic attraction within the coating apparatus (Reproduced with permission from Ammam [46]. Copyright 2012 by Royal Society of Chemistry).

+EPD in solution schematic. Drug and polymer particles are deposited onto the stent surface via an electrostatic attraction within the coating apparatus (Reproduced with permission from Ammam [46]. Copyright 2012 by Royal Society of Chemistry).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
EPD in solution schematic. Drug and polymer particles are deposited onto the stent surface via an electrostatic attraction within the coating apparatus (Reproduced with permission from Ammam [46]. Copyright 2012 by Royal Society of Chemistry).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 4

Electrostatic dry powder deposition schematic. Charged drug and polymer particles are deposited onto the stent surface via the apparatus shown above (Reproduced with permission from Nukala et al. [48]. Copyright 2009 by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.).

+Electrostatic dry powder deposition schematic. Charged drug and polymer particles are deposited onto the stent surface via the apparatus shown above (Reproduced with permission from Nukala et al. [48]. Copyright 2009 by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Electrostatic dry powder deposition schematic. Charged drug and polymer particles are deposited onto the stent surface via the apparatus shown above (Reproduced with permission from Nukala et al. [48]. Copyright 2009 by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.).
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 5

Spray coating system schematic. Drug/polymer and solvent solution(s) is sprayed onto rotating stent to provide consistent coating along the stent's luminal surface (Reproduced with permission from Shanshan et al. [60]. Copyright 2012 by Elsevier B.V. Publishing).

+Spray coating system schematic. Drug/polymer and solvent solution(s) is sprayed onto rotating stent to provide consistent coating along the stent's luminal surface (Reproduced with permission from Shanshan et al. [60]. Copyright 2012 by Elsevier B.V. Publishing).
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Spray coating system schematic. Drug/polymer and solvent solution(s) is sprayed onto rotating stent to provide consistent coating along the stent's luminal surface (Reproduced with permission from Shanshan et al. [60]. Copyright 2012 by Elsevier B.V. Publishing).

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